Isingeniso
Emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe besimanje bokuzwa, izinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive zigqama ngokunemba kwazo, ukwethembeka, kanye nokuhlukahluka kwazo. Lezi zinzwa zisebenzisa umphumela we-piezoresistive ukukala izinguquko zengcindezi futhi zidlale indima ebalulekile kuhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kusukela ezishintshayo zezimboni kuya ekuqashweni kwezokwelapha. Lesi sihloko sicubungula okuyisisekelo kwezinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive, okuhlanganisa izimiso zazo, izinhlobo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinzuzo, nokucatshangelwa kokusetshenziswa.
Ukuqonda I-Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors
Isimiso se-Piezoresistance
Umphumela we-piezoresistive uyinto ebonakalayo lapho ukumelana kukagesi kwento kushintsha ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwemishini. Lo mphumela usetshenziswa kabanzi kuzinzwa ezihlukahlukene, njengezinzwa zokucindezela, ama-accelerometer, izinzwa zamandla, nezinzwa ze-torque, ezisebenza ngokuguqula inani elibonakalayo libe amasignali kagesi. Basebenzisa ukuzwela okuphezulu, ububanzi bokulinganisa ububanzi, impendulo yemvamisa esheshayo, kanye nezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zomphumela we-piezoresistive.
Izingxenye Nezisetshenziswa
Izinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive zisebenza ngokuyinhloko ngengxenye yazo eyinhloko, ulwelwesi olubucayi noma i-diaphragm eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-single-crystal silicon, i-polysilicon, noma amafilimu ensimbi. Lapho ulwelwesi lukhubaza ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ukucindezeleka komshini okubangelwayo kushintsha ukumelana nogesi, kuguqula izinguquko zengcindezi zibe izimpawu zikagesi. Ukukhethwa kwento kanye nokwakheka kolwelwesi, okuhlanganisa ukuma kwayo, ukujiya, nokwakheka, kuthinta kakhulu ukuzwela kwenzwa, ububanzi bokulinganisa, izici zezinga lokushisa, umugqa womugqa, nokuzinza.
I-silicon yekristalu eyodwa isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-coefficient yayo ephezulu ye-piezoresistive nokuzwela, naphezu kokuzwela kwayo okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa; amafilimu e-polysilicon nawensimbi akhethwa ngenxa yokuzwela kwawo okubuthakathaka kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuzinza okuhle nokumelana nokugqwala. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kuphinde kuncike ekwakhiweni kwesekethe yebhuloho le-Wheatstone nasekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe besinxephezelo, njengesinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa kanye nokulinganiswa kwephuzu elinguziro, ukunciphisa umthelela wokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa kanye ne-zero-point drift, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukunemba nokuzinza kwezilinganiso. .
Izinhlobo zezinzwa ze-Piezoresistive
Izinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive zihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziphelele, zegeji, nezihlukile ngokusekelwe endleleni yazo yokulinganisa. Izinzwa zokucindezela okuphelele zisetshenziselwa ukukala ingcindezi ehlobene ne-vacuum ephelele, elungele amasistimu e-vacuum nezilinganiso zesimo sezulu, ezaziwa ngesakhiwo sazo segumbi elivaliwe kanye nebanga elibanzi lokulinganisa. Izinzwa zokucindezela kwegeyiji zikala ingcindezi ehlobene nomfutho womoya, osebenza ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ngamanzi kanye ne-pneumatic, ezibonakala ngesakhiwo sazo esilula nezindleko eziphansi. Izinzwa zengcindezi ezihlukene zikala umehluko phakathi kwemithombo yokucindezela emibili, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekulinganisweni kokugeleza nezinga, futhi ziphawuleka ngokunemba kwazo okuphezulu kodwa isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ukukhetha inzwa yokucindezela efanelekile ye-piezoresistive kuhilela ukucabangela isimo sohlelo lokusebenza nezidingo zokulinganisa, lapho izinzwa eziphelele zinikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kodwa ngezindleko eziphakeme, izinzwa zegeji zibiza izindleko eziphansi kodwa zinebanga lokulinganisa elilinganiselwe, futhi izinzwa ezihlukene azithintwa ukucindezela komkhathi kodwa ziza izindleko eziphezulu. Ukwengeza, imakethe ihlinzeka ngezinzwa ezikhethekile eziklanyelwe izidingo ezithile, njengezinzwa zengcindezi encane, izinzwa zengcindezi ephezulu yezinga lokushisa, nezinzwa zengcindezi ezimelana nokugqwala, ngayinye iqondise ezindaweni nezimo zokulinganisa.
Isimiso Sokusebenza Sezinzwa Zokucindezela Kwe-Piezoresistive
Isayensi Engemuva kwe-Piezoresistance
Izinzwa zokucindezela kwe-piezoresistive zisebenza ngokusekelwe kumphumela we-piezoresistive, lapho ukumelana kukagesi kwento kushintsha ngaphansi kwengcindezi yemishini. Uma ingcindezi ifakwa kulwelwesi olubucayi noma ku-diaphragm, ibangela ukuthi ikhubazeke futhi ikhiqize ukucindezeleka komshini, lokhu kucindezeleka kushintsha ukumelana nogesi kolwelwesi. Inzwa ibe isiguqula lolu shintsho lokumelana lube isignali kagesi ngokusebenzisa isifunda sebhuloho le-Wheatstone, okuthi, ngemva kokukhulisa nokuhlunga, siguqulelwe kube inani lokucindezela elifundekayo. Le nqubo ihilela izinguquko esakhiweni sekristalu yezinto, lapho ukucindezeleka komshini kuthinta ukuhamba kwe-electron nokugxila kwenkampani yenethiwekhi, okuholela ekushintsheni kokumelana.
Izinto ezimbalwa zithonya ukusebenza kwezinzwa zokucindezela kwe-piezoresistive, okuhlanganisa i-coefficient ye-piezoresistive material, i-coefficient yezinga lokushisa, ukuzinza, ukwakheka kolwelwesi, ukujiya, ukwakheka, kanye nomklamo wesekethe yebhuloho le-Wheatstone kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokunxeshezelwa njengesinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa kanye neziro- ukulinganisa iphuzu. I-piezoresistive coefficient iyipharamitha ebalulekile ebonisa amandla omphumela we-piezoresistive wento, kuyilapho ibhuloho le-Wheatstone liwumjikelezo obalulekile wokuguqula ngokunembile izinguquko zokumelana zibe amasignali kagesi, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokuzinza kwezilinganiso.
Izicelo ze-Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors
Izinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive zisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nokulawulwa kwezimboni, amathuluzi ezokwelapha, i-automotive electronics, kanye ne-aerospace ngenxa yokuzwela kwazo okuphezulu, ububanzi bokulinganisa ububanzi, impendulo esheshayo yemvamisa, isakhiwo esilula, kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Lezi zinzwa ziqapha ukucindezela ezinhlelweni zamanzi kanye ne-pneumatic embonini yokukhiqiza, zikala i-torque nengcindezi emajoyini amarobhothi, futhi ziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza embonini ye-petrochemical, amandla, ne-metallurgical.
Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, izinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha imingcele ebalulekile njengomfutho wegazi, ukugeleza kwegazi, nomfutho wokuphefumula, ukuhlinzeka ngosizo olubalulekile lobuchwepheshe ekuxilongeni umfutho we-ventricular, umfutho we-intracranial, nomfutho wamehlo. Baphinde badlale indima kubuchwepheshe bezempilo obugqokekayo ngokuqapha umsebenzi womzimba kanye nekhwalithi yokulala. Embonini yezimoto, lezi zinzwa zikala umfutho wesondo, umfutho wenjini, nomfutho kaphethiloli, kuyilapho endaweni yendiza, zisekela isilinganiso esinembile sokuphakama kwendiza, isivinini somoya, nomfutho wenjini.
Ngale kwalezi zindawo, izinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi, ukulinganisa ukucindezela komkhathi, amazinga amanzi, nesivinini somoya, nokuhlinzeka ngedatha enembile yemishini yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezifundo ze-fluid dynamics. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwalezi zinzwa kugqamisa isikhundla sazo esibalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe besimanje nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni, okuzenza zibe ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuqapha nokulawula okuphumelelayo, okunembayo.
Izinzuzo ze-Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors
Izinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive, ezinokuzwela kwazo okuphezulu nokunemba, ukusebenza okuningi kanye nobubanzi bokulinganisa obubanzi, isakhiwo esilula, nezindleko eziphansi, zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Lezi zinzwa zingathola izinguquko ezincane kakhulu zengcindezi, zizenze zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulinganisa ezinembayo, njengokuqapha umfutho wegazi nokugeleza kwegazi ekuqashweni kwezokwelapha. Angase futhi akhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamabanga ahlukene wengcindezi ukusuka kuma-micro pascal kuya kuma-megapascal, okubonisa ukusebenza kwawo okubanzi ezinhlelweni zokulawula izimboni, ugesi wezimoto, i-aerospace, nezinye izindawo.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza izinzwa zokucindezela kwe-piezoresistive ilula futhi ingabizi kakhulu, kuhlanganiswe nosayizi wabo ohlangene, impendulo yemvamisa esheshayo, ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside, nekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, okwenza kube lula ukuzigcina nokufaka esikhundleni, kuyilapho kulungele ukulinganisa okuguquguqukayo kanye yinkimbinkimbi. ukuqapha ingcindezi yemvelo. Lezi zici azigcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza eziphelele kodwa futhi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembekile kwesistimu.
Imikhawulo Nokucatshangelwa
Nakuba izinzwa zokucindezela kwe-piezoresistive zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ngenxa yokuzwela kwazo okuphezulu, ububanzi bokulinganisa ububanzi, isakhiwo esilula, nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, ukusetshenziswa kwazo nakho kuza nochungechunge lwemikhawulo okudingeka icatshangelwe ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo. Izici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokudlidliza kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwenzwa, okungase kuholele ezinguqukweni zokuzwela, i-zero-point drift, kanye nokuncipha kokunemba kokulinganisa. Ukwengeza, ukuzwela okuphezulu kwezinzwa ze-piezoresistive, nakuba kuzenza zikwazi ukubona izinguquko zengcindezi yamaminithi, nazo zizenza zibe lula ekuphazamisekeni komsindo.
Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselele, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokunxeshezelwa kwezinga lokushisa, amasu okuvimbela ukudlidliza, nokulinganisa okuvamile kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokulinganisa nokuzinza kwezinzwa. Nakuba izinzwa zokucindezela kwe-piezoresistive zinemikhawulo ethile ebangeni lokulinganisa kanye nokuhambisana kwemidiya, ukukhetha uhlobo lwenzwa olufanele kanye nemodeli nokuklama izinzwa zezindawo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza kunganciphisa ngempumelelo le mikhawulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba izinzwa zokucindezela kwe-piezoresistive ezinembile kakhulu zibiza kakhulu, ukutshala imali kuzinzwa ezifanele kanye nokwamukela izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuthuthukisa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele nokuthembeka kohlelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kafushane, naphezu kwemikhawulo ethile, izinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive zingakwazi ukwandisa izinzuzo zazo futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokukhetha okunengqondo kanye nomklamo wohlelo olunembile. Lokhu kudinga abasebenzisi ukuthi bacabangele ngokugcwele amapharamitha angukhiye afana nezici zemvelo, ububanzi bokulinganisa, nokuhambelana kwemidiya phakathi nokukhethwa nokusetshenziswa, futhi basebenzise izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuzinza kwezinzwa.
Amasu amasha ku-Piezoresistive Pressure Sensing Technology
Intuthuko Kwezinto Zokusebenza Nobuchwepheshe
Inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo kusayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo nobuchwepheshe iguqula ukuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa ze-piezoresistive pressure, ezibonakala ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha ze-piezoresistive, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-microfabrication, ukuhlanganiswa kwesinxephezelo nobuchwepheshe obungenawaya, kanye nokufakwa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile. Izinto ezintsha ze-piezoresistive ezifana ne-nanomaterials kanye ne-semiconductor materials azihlinzeki nje kuphela ngama-coefficients e-piezoresistive aphezulu kanye nama-coefficients okushisa aphansi kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ukuzinza kwenzwa, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzwela kwenzwa nokunemba.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-microfabrication kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezinzwa zokucindezela ezincane, ezinembayo eziphezulu, ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, okuvumela izinzwa ukuthi zisetshenziswe ebangeni elibanzi lezimo zohlelo lokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe besinxephezelo esithuthukisiwe njengesinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa kanye nesinxephezelo se-zero-point drift sithuthukisa ukunemba nokuzinza kwezilinganiso. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obungenawaya kwenza futhi ukudluliswa kwedatha kube lula, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kokufakwa nokusetshenziswa kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwesistimu.
Ukuqondisa Kwekusasa Lobuchwepheshe Bokuzwa Ingcindezi
Ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile, obuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, bushayela izinzwa zengcindezi ye-piezoresistive ekuthuthukisweni okuhlakaniphe kakhulu. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuqaphela ukulinganisa okuhlakaniphile, ukuhlaziya idatha, nemisebenzi yokuxilongwa kwamaphutha kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nenani lezinzwa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-nanomaterials kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzwela kanye nobubanzi bokulinganisa, ubuchwepheshe be-MEMS bubona ukuguqulwa kwenzwa encane kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula isignali yedijithali buthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokulinganisa nokuzinza, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokuzwa okungenantambo bunikeza ithuba lokudluliswa kwedatha okungenantambo yezinzwa. Lezi ntuthuko zihlangene zikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kanye nokwanda kwezicelo zobuchwepheshe benzwa ye-piezoresistive pressure sensor.
Ukukhetha Inzwa Efanele Ye-Piezoresistive Pressure
Imibandela Yokukhetha
Lapho ukhetha inzwa yokucindezela kwe-piezoresistive, izici ezibalulekile ezifana nebanga lokulinganisa, ukuzwela, nezimo zemvelo zibalulekile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi bokulinganisa benzwa ekhethiwe buhlanganisa ibanga lokucindezela elidingekayo kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukweqa imikhawulo yokusebenza kwayo kanye nokudanga amaphutha okulinganisa. Ukuzwela kungenye into enqumayo, ethinta ngokuqondile ukunemba kokulinganisa; ngakho-ke, ukukhetha inzwa enozwela olufanele lwezidingo zokunemba kohlelo lokusebenza kuyadingeka. Ukwengeza, izici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokudlidliza kungase kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinzwa, okwenza kubaluleke ukukhetha izinzwa ezingavumelana nezimo zemvelo zohlelo lokusebenza oluthile.
Ukukhetha inzwa yokucindezela kwe-piezoresistive efanele isicelo esithile kudinga futhi ukucabangela ezinye izici ezifana nosayizi, isisindo, kanye nezindleko. Isibonelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula imboni ngokuvamile zidinga izinzwa ezinobubanzi obubanzi bokulinganisa, ukuzwela okuphezulu, namandla aqinile okumelana nokuphazamiseka, kuyilapho amathuluzi ezokwelapha ebeka kuqala ukunemba kwesilinganiso esiphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle, nokuhambisana okuhle kakhulu kwe-biocompatibility. Izinzwa zenkundla ye-automotive electronics zidinga ukubumbana, zibe lula, zimelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu, futhi zikwazi ukumelana nokudlidliza, kuyilapho izinzwa zenkundla ye-aerospace zidinga ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kwesilinganiso, ukuzinza, nokumelana nemisebe. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda nokuhlola izidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye nokukhetha imodeli yenzwa yokucindezela kwe-piezoresistive efanelekile kakhulu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesistimu okuphelele nokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-12-2024